Operation Gladio was the codename for clandestine "stay-behind" operations of armed resistance that were organized by the Western Union, and subsequently by NATO, and by the CIA, in collaboration with several European intelligence agencies during the Cold War. Although Gladio specifically refers to the Italian branch of the NATO stay-behind organizations, Operation Gladio is used as an informal name for all of them. Stay-behind operations were prepared in many NATO member countries, and in some neutral countries.
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