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Hamdullah Fitrat

An armed conflict between Afghanistan and Pakistan began in late February 2026 following Pakistani airstrikes in Afghanistan's Nangarhar, Paktika, and Khost provinces. Pakistan said the strikes targeted militant camps and hideouts linked to the Pakistani Taliban (TTP) and Islamic State – Khorasan Province (ISIS–K), and described them as retaliation for recent terrorist attacks in Islamabad, Bajaur, and Bannu. Taliban officials and the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA), however, said the attacks caused civilian casualties, although they reported different figures.